Both YIELD and STABILITY of YIELD should be considered simultaneously in order to reduce effect of genotype × environment interaction and to make selection of genotypes more precise and effective. One applied method is simultaneous selection for YIELD and STABILITY (YS__i). The objective of this study was to utilize YS__i statistic in cultivar selection and compare the results with other statistics such as S2__i, CV__i, S2__di and R2__i, Twelve foreign corn hybrids with two Iranian check hybrids, SC 704 and SC 604, were evaluated in a randomized complete-block design with four replications at five locations in 1996 cropping season. Six hybrids with overall mean grain YIELD of 11.31 tha^-1 were selected by Kang"s method. Overall mean YIELD of selected hybrids by only YIELD (regardless of hybrid STABILITY), YIELD plus environmental variance (or environmental coefficient of variation) and YIELD plus coefficient of regression and deviations from regression mean squares were 11.30, 11.16 and 11.31 tha^-1, respectively. Regard to the LSD%5 (=0.827), differences among overall mean YIELDs or different selection creteria (different STABILITY statistics) were not significant. It is concluded that when we use YS^I statistic, we can insure precise selection of the clutivar.

Ten maize single cross hybrids were studied for their STABILITY in grain YIELD, 1000 kernel weight, kernel depth, kernel numbers per row and rows number per ear using regression coefficient (bi), deviation from regression (S2di), STABILITY variance (σ2i), ecovalence(Wi), coefficient of determination (R2), coefficient of variation (C.V.) and simultaneous selection method for grain YIELD and STABILITY (YSi) indices. The experiments were conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications at 14 locations for 2 years(1998/99). According to the results, using all STABILITY indices, S2di, σ2i, Wi, R2, C.Y. and YSi, hybrids No. 6(KL17/2-5 x MO17) and No. 10(KSC704) were determined as stable hybrids. The highest grain YIELD belonged to hybrids No. 6 and ten with 10.346 and 10.362 t ha-1 respectively. The heterogeneity of regression coefficients were significant only for kernel depth and kernel rows number per ear. Grain YIELD showed positive and highly significant correlation with 1000 kernel weight (r=0.45**), kernel depth (r=0.40**) and kernel numbers per row (r=0.64**). According to the regression coefficients, hybrids No. 6 and No. 10 did not show good response to environmental improvement in term of kernel depth and kernel rows number per ear.  

In order to investigate the possibility of quinoa producing in Garmsar, Iran, a factorial experiment conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019 growing season at Garmsar Agricultural Research Station. The factors were planting date at three levels (March 6th, April 1st and April 6th) and the three genotypes of quinoa (Q26, Q29 and Titicaca). Results showed that the effect of planting date was significant for all studied traits except the harvest index. Also, all studied traits were significantly different in all genotypes. Titicaca planted on March 6th had the highest YIELD (2276 kg.ha-1).The grain YIELD and YIELD components decreased with the delaying the planting date. Compared to early plantings, Latest date, April 6th, led to reduction of all traits, especially grain YIELD (about 50%). The results of simple phenotypic correlation between the studied traits showed that grain YIELD per hectare had the highest correlation with plant YIELD (0.877) and then with leaf area index (0.832), panicle weight (0.815) and number of branches per plant (0.745) that was significant at the 1% probability level.

To select stable and high grain YIELD wheat varieties as well as to determine suitable sowing date for cold agro-climatic zone in Iran, eight wheat varieties were studied using randomized complete block design with four replications in six locations (Sanandaj, Gorveh, Marivan, Divandarreh, Saggez and Baneh) during three growing seasons (2007-2010). Since interaction of cultivar´year´location was significant, STABILITY analysis was performed using different methods. Results of STABILITY analysis with shukla’s STABILITY variance method showed that the Zarrin and Sabalan varieties were more stable than other varieties. Also, lowest environmental variance was belonged to Azar 2. The results of ranking method showed that cultivars Sabalan, Bezostiya, Alvand, Alamout and Omid had the lowest i R and cultivars Alvand, Sabalan, Navid, Zarrin and Omid had also the lowest SDR among the experimental cultivars. Results of STABILITY analysis with YIELD - STABILITY statistic (YSi) method indicated that the varieties Alvand and Alamout were the most stable varieties, respectively. Results of this research showed that the Alvand and Sabalan varieties had the highest YIELD STABILITY than the other varieties and can be recommended for studied locations.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is second important crop in rain fed areas of Iran. The areas under cultivation of this crop is about 700000 ha annually. Present investigation carried out to determine high seed YIELD chickpea varieties with high adaptation for different rain fed areas of Iran. In this study 14 chickpea lines and varieties along with a check variety (Jam) were cultivated in randomized complete block design with 4 replications in 5 areas viz., Kermanshah, llam, Uromieye, Gachsaran and Gorgan during 19982002. There was not information for all 5 areas in 4 years so the combination of locations and years was called as environment and totally 15 environments were studied. Bartllet test showed heterogeneity of error variances among environments so, 15 environments were divided to 3 groups so that in each group there was homogenity in error variances. Combined analysis for YIELD showed that in group 1, 2 and 3 the genotype environment interaction was significant. STABILITY analysis by Ebrthart and Russel method showed that ILC482, Flip 84-42 and Flip 84-80 had high seed YIELD more than check and regression coefficient in these genotypes were near to 1. Among these 3 genotypes ILC482 showed the highest STABILITY with high seed YIELD. This line was recommended for Gorgan and Gachsaran. In group 3 Flip 86-50, Flip 84-42 and Flip 90-96 had high seed YIELD with regression coefficient near to 1. Among these 3 lines Flip 84-42 showed the highest STABILITY with high seed YIELD. This line recommended for Kermanshah, llam and Uromieye. In group 1 this line showed also high seed YIELD in this group.

Introduction: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a cool‐season and annual seed legume crop used as an important cheap plant protein source for human food (green or dried, fresh or canned) and livestock feed. It is a very valuable legume crop that contributes to the sustainability of cropping systems with ability of biological nitrogen fixation. The aim of this study was to determine genotype × environment interaction on seed YIELD and to identify high YIELDing with YIELD STABILITY of faba bean genotypes adapted to target environments. Materials and Methods: Seed YIELD and YIELD STABILITY as well as adaptability of 15 faba bean promising lines were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications in four agricultural research field stations of Gorgan, Dezful, Brojerd and Iranshahr in Iran in 2018-19 and 2019-20 cropping seasons. Plant height and branch number.plant-1 in each plot was measured before harvesting. Plots were harvested by hand at harvest maturity stage and seed number.pod-1, number of pod.plant-1, hundred seed weight and seed YIELD were measured. Data were analyzed using SAS software and the means were compared using LSD test. GGE-Biplot was used to analyse genotype × environment interaction and YIELD STABILITY of faba bean genotypes. Results: Combined analysis of variance showed that environment, genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) were significant with contribution 60.07%, 19.8% and 20.07% to the total variation of seed YIELD, respectively. Yiled STABILITY 15 faba bean genotypes was stdied using GGE biplot method across eight environments. GGE biplot analysis using a genotype × environment interaction (GEI) model explained 76.5% of the total variation. GGE biplot components PC1 and PC2 explained 58.7% and 17.8% of the total variation, respectively. The GGE biplot analysis of the tested environments and genotypes revealed that the eight test environments comprised two mega environments and the adapted genotypes were determined for each mega-environment. In Gorgan, G10, G12, G13 and G3 genotypes were adapted, and in the second mega-environment, G6 genotype was adapted. The genotypes G6, G10, G7 and G9 with average seed YIELD of 2905, 2715, 2607 and 2552 kg.ha-1 had higher seed YIELD and YIELD STABILITY, respectively. Based on GEI and GGE biplot analysis, Gorgan experimental environments had good discrimination ability. The polygon view of biplot indicated genotypes; G1, G3, G4 and G14 were adapted to the tested environments according to the closest distance from biplot origin. The simultaneous study of the effect of genotype and GE interaction by average tester coordinate view of Biplot illustrated that genotypes; G6, G10, G7, G9 and G4, in addition to high seed YIELD had also higher YIELD STABILITY compared with other genotypes. Ideal genotype view of Biplot indicated that G6 and G10 were the closest genotypes to the ideal genotype and identified as the most desirable genotypes. Conclusion: Based on the GGE biplot analyses, the G6 (Barkat × New mammoth) genotype with high seed YIELD and YIELD satbilty across all environments. Also G9 (ILB1266), G2 (Barkat × ILB 5284) and G4 (Barkat × Giza Blanka) genotypes had significantly higher seed YIELD and YIELD STABILITY compared to control cv. Barakat (G11), G12 (Feyz), G13 (Shadan) and G14 (Mahta).

The objectives of this study were to analyze genotype by environment (GE) interactions on the forage YIELD of 15 sorghum lines by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and to evaluate genotype (G), environment (E) and GE interactions using STABILITY parameter i.e., AMMI STABILITY value (ASV) and Wrick, s ecovalance (W2 i). The trials were conducted at two research station (Neyshabur and Torogh Mashhad) for three successive years2007-2009. The result ’ s of AMMI analysis for forage YIELD indicated that the Genotype main effects, environment, and GE interactions as well as two first interaction principal components (IPCA1-2) were significant. AMMI biplot was able to distinguish stable genotypes and environments with high and low genotype discrimination ability. The genotypes 5 and 15 with higher mean YIELD than total mean were to be most stable genotypes, while the genotype 1 and 3 with the highest contribution to GE interaction, were to be the most instable. The result of recommended genotypes based on AMMI analysis showed that the genotypes 1 and 3 were highly adapted to Neyshabur and genotypes 5 and 15 were adapted to Mashhad environments during this study.